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Multifactor Graphical Passwords: An Assessment of End-User Performance
Jali MZ, Furnell SM, Haskell-Dowland PS (Dowland PS)
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference of Information Assurance & Security (IAS2011), Melaka, Malaysia, 5-8 December 2011. IEEE 978-1-4577-2153-3, 2011

This paper reports on the usability study carried
out to assess the feasibility of combining two graphical
password methods for better security. The methods involved
clicking on the image (i.e. click-based) and selecting a series
of images (i.e. choice-based). A graphical password
prototype was developed (Enhanced Graphical
Authentication System) and tested by thirty participants,
who were randomly chosen from the authors’ university.
Two evaluations were made; namely user performance of
the combined method and the feasibility of authentication
strategies towards the introduced method itself. From both
evaluations, it is found that positive results have been
obtained, which suggest that these methods could be
combined together effectively without giving impediment to
users. However, there are issues relating to predictability as
a consequence of insecure user behaviour.

Jali MZ, Furnell SM, Haskell-Dowland PS (Dowland PS)